CHAPTER II
SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM: Compulsory State Meets Needs of Each Main
SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM: Compulsory State Meets Needs of Each Main
Problems completing Poverty Through Fair Distribution
Indeed have a problem of poverty in the poor distribution of wealth in the middle of the community. Therefore, this problem can only be completed with the thorough way to create a fair distribution pattern. In which every citizen is guaranteed the basic needs and are given the opportunity to meet the broad needs sekundernya. Error capitalist economic system that is applied at this time is that the poverty elimination efforts focused only on increasing production, both production and total state income per capita, not the distribution problem. Thus, the capitalist economic system will never be able to finish the problem of poverty as the central point problem, namely the distribution of wealth, not styled properly.
As a result, the government came silih change, including in Indonesia, always directing their view on the growth of production and income increase the average population, but did not give attention to the issue of how wealth is distributed fairly in the middle of the community. In fact, from time to time, in line with increasing production, has been a cumulation wealth in the hands of a few people. A strong party to reach more wealth through the power they have. While the lack of the weak, because the weakness is in themselves. This is the surefire increase of poverty.
Islam provides the settlement of this problem of poverty in a way that's unique. Basically, there must be a fair distribution pattern. Matter of fairness in the distribution of this disinggung al-Quran. Allah SWT. said:
ما أفاء الله على رسوله من أهل القرى فلله وللرسول ولذي القربى واليتامى والمساكين وابن السبيل كي لا يكون دولة بين الأغنياء منكم وما آتاكم الرسول فخذوه وما نهاكم عنه فانتهوا واتقوا الله إن الله شديد العقاب
"... What are the treasure booty (Fai-i) that God granted to His Messenger (from property), which comes from the people of the city-the city is for Allah, for the Apostle, kinsfolk, orphans, poor people and those in transit, so that wealth is not circulating among the rich are among you. What the apostle is given to you, then accept. And what dilarangnya for you, then tinggalkanlah. And fear Allah. Allah is very hard syariatannya. "(Qs. al-Hasyr [59]: 7)
Economically, the country must ensure that the economic activities of both the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, take place in accordance with the provisions of sharia, and in which no party mendzalimi or didzalimi. Therefore, set the Islamic laws related to economic activities (production, industry, agriculture, distribution, and trading), investment, currency, taxation, etc., that allows everyone has access to property without prejudice or disadvantage by the other.
In addition, countries also use non-economic pattern of distribution in order to distribute wealth to the parties that the economy still not get rich, through instruments such as zakat, shadaqah, grants and the provision of the state. In this way, the economy, which is not the tersisihkan.
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Get Benefits of Public Natural Resources
Capitalist economic system provides opportunities to private companies, both from within and abroad, to take advantage of the natural resources of the country through the provision of a permit mining concession, the rights of the forest, or other privileges. Meanwhile, natural resources have been managed by state companies also do not escape from the target. Sooner or later all will be transferred also to private companies through the privatization policy. As a result, of course, the result of natural resources is more enjoyed by private companies, while the people would have to face difficulties. After diprivatisasi definitely going akan price increase - one way to enable the company swasata hit meraup greater. For example, research from the University of Indonesia shows the increase in energy commodity prices since the year 1992-2005 for the oil, gas and listrik.3 Thus, when a few people meraup the extraordinary benefits of the source-control of natural resources, especially energy, the general public thus beaten by the price of energy is not affordable. Each time, citizens must be ready to increase gas and electricity bills so that the expenditure for the sector that should not need it is the day the greater. As a result, people are more systemic termiskinkan.
Islam set of natural resources, especially energy wealth as a public property. Messenger of Allah. said:
«المسلمون شركاء في ثلاث في الماء والكلإ والنار»
"Muslims united in three things: water, pasture, and fire." (Hr. Ahmad)
As the owner, then the people should be able to enjoy the results of these natural resources. Therefore, the state must manage the natural resources is well, can be through a kind of state-owned companies (BUMN), for the welfare of the people. Countries should not be at all the assets of natural resources to private parties. For, this action is the same with the things that own not to other parties, which would harm the owner, namely the people. Daulah Khilafah will ensure that people can benefit from source-own the natural resources, especially energy resources, with the roads or provide it for free with the price that is affordable for all citizens.
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Number of deletion Dzalim
Capitalism in the system, the main income is from state taxes. Countries will continue to try and increase tax revenue so that what is called the cost of the larger obtained. Efforts continue to be made. Objects tax mechanism and continue to create new taxes. The result, the people of the terbebani. Income tax will undermine people's wages and income; Sales tax burden to make a variety of basic expenditure, including food and medicines, to be increasing, while the tax on fuel oil strangulate the perpetrators of the industry and farmers.
Islam has a distinctive way to set the income countries. Among the results obtained from public ownership, such as oil and gas; the agricultural sector as kharaj; from the industrial sector such as charity on merchandise, etc.. Thus, the Khilafah is able to obtain a large income. At the same time is able to stimulate economic activities outside the ordinary. About tax, Islam freed humanity from the burden of the tax dzalim. Even if no tax is collected only from people who signed in rich category is only temporary and needs to fund tercukupi. Messenger of Allah. said:
«لا يدخل الجنة صاحب مكس»
"No heaven will enter the fiscal (tax)." (Hr. Ahmad)
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Replace Domestic Investment Foreign Investment
Through the application of the Islamic economic system is correct and consistent, from the Baitul Maal Daulah Khilafah believed akan meraup able to fund large enough. Furthermore, these funds will be used to finance the development, signed in the sector especially in what is called the term public service obligations or PSO (Public Service obligation), ie the sector of education, health, and inftrastruktur (roads, bridges, electricity, water, telephone, and other).
Also to pay for the heavy industry, such as the arms industry, steel industry, and so forth, and major projects, such as dam construction and telecommunications network throughout the country, interest-free credit for the economic activities of the people and state aid to people in need. All that Allah akan can be realized without involving foreign investment or loans.
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Exempt from Jebakan Debt
Basically, Islam does not prohibit individuals, companies and countries borrow money from other parties. But it should not be a loan with interest and may not be the country's colonizers or international institutions such as IMF, World Bank and the other, suspected to be a tool of imperialist, with requirements that trap. When Islam reject all forms of colonialism, then Islam also prohibits all forms of relationship or agreement that gives the way for colonization.
According to Bank Indonesia in the Indonesian Economy Report 2007 by the Indonesian government and the private sector have a total debt of Foreign Affairs of U.S. $ 136.64 billion. In the Budget 2009, the payment of debt principal repayments abroad reached Rp 61.6 trillion. This is rather larger number of new loans only Rp 52.2 Trilyun. Government's overall debt has reached 35% of Gross Domestic Income (GDP), in which 16% is debt and Foreign debt is 19% Domestic (in the form of a letter the State debt, bonds and so forth).
As penghutang countries around the world, Indonesia has also entered the so-called debt traps (debt trap). Indonesia has to pay interest on loans up to billions of U.S. dollars, which is nominally greater than the principal debt, however, Indonesia still terlilit debt. Even like this because it contains clearly forbidden usury and to give way for the occupation over the country. Allah SWT said:
وأحل الله البيع وحرم الربا
"But God has been buying and selling menghalalkan forbid usury." (Qs. al-Baqarah [2]: 275)
Daulah Khilafah akan reject the hard-loan debt or loan funds, such as that, and strive to free Muslim countries from debt traps. Also akan dismantle criminal capitalist countries colonize the weak countries through debt traps. Khilafah will also help the poorest countries the debt terlilit together to chase away global capitalism which is exploitative.
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Remove the source of Inflation
The main reason behind the increasingly heavy burden of economic life in communities is the high cost of living due to decrease in value of currency in the form of Fiat money. Domestic currency value of the weak cause the price of goods and services the needs of the community continue to rise.
Plus the continued occurrence of rupiah depreciation against the U.S. dollar, making dollar values continue to decline against foreign currencies, especially U.S. dollars. This is very profitable multinational companies West, who produce goods in Indonesia, with low cost, and mengekspornya to Western countries with a higher price.
Inflation and currency depreciation that makes people continue buying power has decreased, can be overcome by setting the currency resistant to inflationary pressure and avoid depreciation and appreciation of foreign currencies that harm. That is the dinar currency and Dirham. By using this currency, economic conditions are more stable state and community property will be protected in real and protected from inflation.
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Building Industry
Daulah Khilafah will develop two main types of industry-related interests of the public. First, industries that are associated with the property public property, such as refinery and natural gas purification. Because oil and natural gas, including public property, the ownership status of the various industries associated with the commodities that should also be dikuasi by the state. Countries to manage the interests of the people's welfare. Second, the steel industry and the weapons and other heavy industries. This industry can be built to produce a strong military for defense of the solid.
Daulah Khilafah will be working hard to build both types of industries that are efficient, not only can meet the needs of the country, but also to create employment opportunities for the community.
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Military Technology
Until now, military strength is still very dependent on technology from abroad. Meanwhile, the United States as the country's most superior in the industry to sell military equipment when militernya to various countries in the world, including Indonesia, certainly not just for the purpose of obtaining financial advantage, but also to strengthen the influence and cengkramannya in Indonesia. So, the U.S. will set a number of requirements that must be fulfilled for the supply of equipment and technology from the U.S. military. That certain requirements related to the political and the U.S. military in Indonesia. Furthermore, the U.S. will create a way that countries importer military equipment that will continue to depend on him. Dependence was used as a tool during a press U.S. interests in the country is threatened. U.S. weapons embargo policy to Indonesia, for example, is a form of political weaponry played by pressing the U.S. to Indonesia. In addition, the U.S. also does not really help other countries to become a strong military. So that may be sent to other countries is just a normal military equipment, not a really powerful for the real war.
One way to make Daulah Khilafah does not depend on the military to other countries is how to produce and develop the technology industry and the military itself. This policy Daulah Khilafah akan independent and always have the most sophisticated weaponry and the most powerful in the zamannya. Step also ensures Daulah Khilafah have any weapons at any time required, including for the purposes of psy-war with the goal of horrible opponent, as Allah SWT commands:
وأعدوا لهم ما استطعتم من قوة ومن رباط الخيل ترهبون به عدو الله وعدوكم وآخرين من دونهم لا تعلمونهم الله يعلمهم
"And siapkanlah them strength to face what you sanggupi and from the horse ditambat for war (with the preparation of) you shake the enemy and the enemy of God and the people than those who do not know about you, are God's away." (Qs . Anfaal-al [8]: 60)
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Development of Agriculture
Indonesia agriculture resources that have a remarkable, especially agricultural land that is very knowledgeable. However, this potential has not been used optimally. Many people who have a very wide area, but not managed correctly, and deliberately used as an object only speculative investment. Meanwhile, if there are people who cultivate agricultural land, he was only as a laborer, not the land owner. Thus, there are so many people that manage agricultural land, but they do not have the land. They only pay rent to the owner.
Islamic view that the issue of agriculture in fact related to the utilization of agricultural land itself. With clear rules, the issue of Islam complete with a set of agricultural restrictions separation between the owners and agricultural land management. Messenger of Allah. said:
«من أعمر أرضا ليست لأحد فهو أحق»
"Whoever memakmurkan (manage) the land does not become the property of anyone, then he is entitled to the land." (Bukhari Hr.)
Islam also provides that the state reserves the right seize agricultural land from owners if land is not managed for three consecutive years. This provision encourages the use of agricultural land optimally by the owner of land, which in turn will increase agricultural production. Daulah Khilafah will provide assistance saprotan (means of agricultural production) or without interest loan fund to manage the capital with agriculture as well as possible. If the policy of this kind are applied in Indonesia, will be able to improve agricultural country, so that food security is one important element in building the prosperity and independence in a country, can truly be translated.
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